“Darkology Unveils America’s Hidden History of Amateur Blackface: NPR”
Historian Rhae Lynn Barnes has explored the complex and often hidden history of blackface in America. Her book, Darkology: Blackface and the American Way of Entertainment, investigates the roots of minstrel shows and their ties to systemic racism.
Discovery of Hidden Records
During her research in 2013, Barnes faced a significant challenge at the Library of Congress. Notably, several primary sources related to blackface were marked as “missing on shelf.” A conversation with a librarian revealed that, in 1987, she had concealed these materials due to concerns about potential misuse by groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
Eventually, the librarian assisted Barnes, providing a wealth of relevant material for her research.
Rise of Minstrel Shows
In her book, Barnes outlines the emergence of minstrel shows in the 1800s. Actors in these performances portrayed exaggerated and often racist images of Black individuals. The popularity of minstrel shows surged, leading to the publication of guides for amateurs wishing to stage their own performances.
- Minstrel shows became a staple form of entertainment in the U.S.
- Organizations such as fraternal orders, local charities, and military units hosted performances.
Government Involvement in Blackface
During the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, took steps to “preserve American heritage.” This initiative included promoting blackface by distributing recommended minstrel plays to schools and local organizations.
Roosevelt himself co-wrote a script intended for children with polio, highlighting his personal endorsement of these performances.
Decline of Blackface in the 1970s
The cultural landscape shifted significantly during the civil rights era. Mothers played a crucial role in diminishing the popularity of blackface, particularly in educational settings. By the 1970s, many publishing companies faced decline due to concerted efforts from diverse communities opposing blackface.
The Legacy of Blackface Makeup
Historically, companies like Stein’s created various shades of blackface makeup, replacing more cumbersome materials like burnt cork. This shift contributed to an ongoing commercial legacy, as similar products are still found today in costume and theatrical stores.
Understanding America’s Complex History
Barnes emphasizes the importance of acknowledging all facets of American history. Ignoring the persistence of blackface beyond the 1900s risks overlooking crucial struggles for civil rights. Many historians argue that blackface’s legacy deserves critical examination and open discussion.
- The slogan “Make America Great Again” has roots in early minstrel shows.
- Various phrases from these performances have resurfaced in contemporary discourse.
Barnes advocates for transparent conversations about the past, asserting that they are essential for understanding America’s ongoing journey toward equality and justice.
