Essential Facts About Columbus Day 2025 for Americans
Columbus Day, a federal holiday in the United States, is observed on the second Monday of October. In 2025, this date falls on October 13. The day is marked uniquely across the nation, leading to varying celebrations and observances.
Federal Status and Work Impact
As a federal holiday, Columbus Day grants paid time off to federal government employees, and postal services are closed. However, the impact of the holiday varies widely in the private sector. Businesses decide independently whether to close or remain open on this day.
State Observances
The observance of Columbus Day differs significantly among states. Approximately 30 states and three territories still recognize Columbus Day. However, only 20 states and two territories provide it as a paid holiday for state employees.
- Five states observe both Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples Day.
- Virginia celebrates Yorktown Victory Day on the same date.
- Alabama recognizes Columbus Day alongside American Indian Heritage Day and Fraternal Day.
- The US Virgin Islands celebrate Virgin Islands-Puerto Rico Friendship Day.
- Puerto Rico marks Dia de la Raza, which honors Latin American culture.
Shift Towards Indigenous Peoples Day
In recent years, there has been a growing shift from Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples Day. Several states have either replaced Columbus Day or added Indigenous Peoples Day to their calendar. As of now, 17 states and the District of Columbia observe Indigenous Peoples Day or a similar holiday.
- Delaware removed Columbus Day in 2009, adopting a floating holiday instead.
- By 2019, Maine, Vermont, New Mexico, and Washington, D.C., recognized Indigenous Peoples Day officially.
- Tennessee shifted Columbus Day to the Friday following Thanksgiving to extend the holiday weekend.
Historical Context of Columbus Day
Columbus Day was designated a federal holiday in 1937, largely due to efforts by the Knights of Columbus. The aim was to honor Italian American heritage. The holiday was moved to the second Monday in October in 1971 to allow for a three-day weekend.
Today, the meaning of Columbus Day is multifaceted. For some, it represents cultural pride. For others, it serves as a day of recognition for Indigenous history and resilience, while many simply regard it as a regular Monday.
