Skin Cancer Surgery: When, Why, and How It’s Done
Skin cancer is the most common type of tumor in Brazil, with approximately 220,000 new cases reported annually, according to the National Cancer Institute (INCA). A significant portion of these tumors requires surgical intervention. Early treatment tends to be straightforward and effective, but as the lesion progresses, surgery can become more complex, sometimes necessitating skin reconstruction.
Why Surgery is Necessary for Skin Cancer
Dr. Felipe Conde, an oncological surgeon and member of the Brazilian Society of Oncological Surgery (SBCO), states that surgery is the standard treatment for most skin cancer cases. The complexity of the procedure largely depends on the tumor’s size and depth. He notes that when skin cancer is diagnosed early, the surgical process is typically quick and minimally invasive, with a high cure rate. However, delays in treatment can lead to more extensive procedures.
How Skin Cancer Surgery is Performed
The majority of non-melanoma skin tumors, which are the most prevalent, are treated through surgical excision. This technique removes the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue. Many surgeries can be conducted in a doctor’s office using local anesthesia. Conversely, melanoma tumors are more aggressive and usually require more extensive surgical measures, including:
- Wider removal of the affected area
- Assessment of lymph nodes to check for spread
- Reconstruction using flaps or grafts when necessary
Dr. Conde emphasizes the urgency of addressing melanoma. “Melanoma grows quickly and can metastasize. Therefore, when there is suspicion, it is crucial to operate as soon as possible. Timely surgery is the primary preventive measure against metastasis,” he explains.
Signs That Require Immediate Attention
Dr. Conde advises individuals to monitor any changes in their skin closely. Warning signs include:
- Non-healing wounds
- Changes in moles or growths
He stresses, “The body usually provides signals. Ignoring a wound for months or hoping a mole will improve on its own can complicate what could have been a simple surgery.”
Preventive Measures to Avoid Major Procedures
The December Orange campaign highlights that basic skin care can significantly reduce risk. Recommended preventive measures include:
- Daily use of sunscreen, even on cloudy days
- Avoiding sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM
- Wearing protective clothing, including hats and sunglasses
- Regular skin checks
- Seeking medical evaluation at the first sign of change
By following these guidelines, individuals can help reduce their risk of skin cancer and the need for complex surgical interventions.
