Niger-Benin Crisis Deepens: Diplomats Expelled, Borders Shut

The diplomatic crisis between Niger and Benin has intensified, marked by recent diplomatic expulsions and border closures. The Nigerien Foreign Ministry declared Seidou Imourana, the first advisor of the Benin embassy in Niamey, as persona non grata, granting him 48 hours to leave the country. This decision was described as a reciprocal measure following the expulsion of two Nigerien diplomats from Benin in early January 2026.

Niger-Benin Crisis Overview

This ongoing diplomatic rift, persisting since 2023, has evolved into a political and economic predicament affecting both nations. Niger and Benin, members of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), are struggling under these escalating tensions.

Recent Developments

• The two expelled Nigerien diplomats left Cotonou on January 1, 2026, though the reasons for their expulsion remain undisclosed.
• Niamey’s response involved the swift expulsion of Imourana following the pattern of reciprocity.
• There are unconfirmed reports about the possible closure of both embassies amidst rising tensions.

A significant factor in this crisis was a failed coup attempt in Benin, which the government attributed to foreign influence, although no specific countries were cited. Previously, in February, Benin recalled its ambassador from Niger after he issued apologies regarding sanctions imposed by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) following a coup that ousted President Mohamed Bazoum in July 2023.

Underlying Causes

The deterioration of relations is deeply rooted in the aftermath of the coup in Niger. The ECOWAS responded with severe economic sanctions and border closures, crippling trade and prompting military intervention threats.

Economic Impact

The diplomatic standoff has had dire economic ramifications for both countries. The closure of borders severely disrupted commerce. Niger relies heavily on the Cotonou port for imports and exports, making the ongoing tensions particularly harmful.

• The Niger-Benin corridor, once a bustling trade route, is now a geopolitical conflict zone.
• Local economies, particularly along the border, are facing significant challenges due to constrained access to goods.
• Transport operators are now using longer, riskier routes, significantly increasing logistical costs.

In an effort to adapt, Niger has shifted some trade operations to the Port of Lomé, but this transition has proven costly and complicated due to the threats posed by jihadist groups in Burkina Faso.

Future Outlook

The political climate remains precarious as the political leadership transitions in Benin, with a presidential election slated for April 2024. Observers hope that a new administration may pave the way for improved relations between Niger and Benin, ideally mitigating the ongoing crisis.