Study Reveals Weight Regain, Heart Health Decline After Stopping Weight Loss Drugs

Recent research underscores the significant health risks associated with discontinuing weight-loss medications. A review published in BMJ has revealed that individuals who stop taking glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1s) regain weight more rapidly compared to those ceasing traditional diet or exercise programs.

Key Findings on Weight Regain

The study, led by Sam West at the University of Oxford, assessed data from over 6,000 adults who were overweight or obese. Participants had utilized either GLP-1 medications, including popular options like Ozempic and Wegovy, or adhered to behavioral weight management programs involving around 3,000 adults.

• Those on weight-loss drugs regained an average of 0.4 kg per month after stopping, equating to a total of roughly 4.8 kg (10 pounds) in the first year.
• Risk markers for conditions such as diabetes and heart disease are predicted to revert to pre-treatment levels in less than two years.

Comparison of Weight Regain Rates

Individuals discontinuing GLP-1 medications regained weight at nearly four times the rate of those ending a diet or exercise program. Traditional programs varied from popular options like Weight Watchers to specialized meal plans, including soups and shakes.

Challenges of Obesity Management with Medications

Dr. Sonja Reichert, a family medicine expert, emphasizes that medications alone are not effective as a quick fix for obesity. She notes the importance of ongoing treatment, similar to managing chronic diseases like high blood pressure.

Patient Testimonials

One patient, 67-year-old Heather White from Toronto, shared her experience with Ozempic in 2023. Despite its benefits for weight loss and blood sugar control, she ultimately stopped due to gastrointestinal side effects. After two years of dietary focus without medications, she has recently initiated treatment with Mounjaro, another GLP-1 medication, reporting no adverse effects thus far.

Addressing the Environmental and Behavioral Factors

Research indicates that GLP-1 medications do not provide lasting effects once discontinued. The challenge remains in managing hunger, as the supportive environments that enable sustained weight loss—often laden with ultra-processed foods—still persist.

• Individuals benefit from additional coping strategies to handle hunger during weight loss.
• Enhancing treatment support through nutritional education can lead to better outcomes.

Future Directions in Obesity Treatment

Dr. Reichert and West advocate for improved access to weight-loss medications, potentially in pill form, coupled with behavioral programs covered by insurance. They stress the need for reducing stigma and bias against individuals with obesity, facilitating healthier lifestyle changes.

This research serves as a critical reminder that weight management requires a comprehensive approach, which includes both medical and behavioral support to counteract the risks associated with weight regain after stopping weight-loss medications.