Kazakhstan’s Tokayev: New Reforms Equal a New Constitution
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, the President of Kazakhstan, introduced significant constitutional reforms during the fifth session of the National Congress held in Kyzylorda on January 20. The primary change involves a shift to a unicameral parliament, which will be renamed the Congress (Qurultay). This new structure aims to be more streamlined and functional.
Key Features of the New Reforms
The proposal outlines several critical aspects:
- The Congress will consist of 145 members, three vice-presidents, and a maximum of eight parliamentary committees.
- Deputies will serve five-year terms, and elections will be based on proportional representation.
- The traditional presidential quota and reserved seats for the People’s Assembly will be abolished.
Establishment of the People’s Council
A new consultative body, the People’s Council (Khalyk Kenesi), will be created to represent all ethnic groups and major social communities. The Council will include:
- 42 members from ethno-cultural associations
- 42 representatives from regional assemblies (maslikhat)
- 42 members from public organizations
Meetings will occur annually, and its formation will be governed separately within the Constitution.
Introduction of the Vice Presidency
Tokayev also proposed reinstating the Vice President of the Republic in the Constitution, while abolishing the current State Councilor position. This role existed historically between 1991 and 1996, held by Yerik Assanbayev.
Requirement for Extraordinary Elections
Another significant amendment proposes a constitutional requirement for extraordinary presidential elections if the presidency becomes vacant. Tokayev emphasized the importance of ensuring that any head of state assumes office legitimately through elections. This measure aligns with global best practices and strengthens institutional stability.
Comprehensive Constitutional Amendments
The upcoming reforms represent a fundamental shift comparable to adopting a new Constitution. Tokayev indicated that the initial plan aimed for amendments to around 40 articles, but extensive revisions would now encompass more substantial changes. In 2022, 33 articles were updated, and the next series of amendments promises to be even broader.
Creation of a Constitutional Commission
A Constitutional Commission will be established to oversee these reforms, with its founding decree expected to be signed on January 21. The commission will consist of over 100 members, including representatives from various sectors such as the National Congress, legal experts, and media leaders. Its role will be to analyze proposals and draft specific amendments in preparation for a potential national referendum.
