Church-State Showdown Unfolds in Armenia: What’s Behind the Tension?
The ongoing tension between the Church and state in Armenia has reached a critical point. Recently, Armenian prosecutors initiated a criminal case against Karekin II, the Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians. Authorities have barred him from leaving the country, creating a significant stir within religious and political circles.
Key Facts Surrounding the Church-State Showdown in Armenia
Karekin II has served as the head of the Armenian Apostolic Church since 1999. Accused of obstructing justice, he was set to attend a meeting in Austria from February 16 to 19, 2026. The Church labels these charges as unjust interference in its internal matters.
Background of the Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church, headquartered in Etchmiadzin, is one of the oldest Christian institutions globally. It represents the national Church of Armenia, which was the first state to adopt Christianity in 301 A.D. Approximately 95% of Armenia’s three million people belong to this Church, though its total membership worldwide is about nine million.
- Founded: 301 A.D.
- Current Leadership: Karekin II, since 1999
- Population of Armenia: Approximately 3 million
- Members of Armenian Apostolic Church globally: 9 million
Recent Developments in the Church-State Relationship
On January 4, 2026, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced plans for reform within the Armenian Apostolic Church. This included calls for Karekin II’s removal and the establishment of measures for financial transparency among clergy. Eight bishops supported these reform efforts, highlighting growing discontent within the Church hierarchy.
Following public support for reforms, Karekin II dismissed Bishop Gevork Saroyan, a signatory of the reform roadmap. A civil court ordered Saroyan’s reinstatement, but Karekin II countered by dismissing him from the clerical state. The situation escalated on February 14, when the Prosecutor General opened a case against Karekin II for obstructing the court order.
Church-State Tensions and the Role of the Vatican
This crisis raises questions about the Armenian Apostolic Church’s relationship with the government. The Armenian Constitution asserts the separation of Church and state but acknowledges the Church’s unique role in national identity and culture.
Prime Minister Pashinyan has expressed concerns that foreign interests may seek to manipulate the Church. In a fiery address, he emphasized the need to liberate the Church from perceived sectarian influences.
While Pope Leo XIV has met with both Karekin II and Pashinyan, the Vatican’s involvement in mediating the dispute may be viewed with skepticism by many Armenians. Historical tensions and recent alliances between the Vatican and Azerbaijan complicate perceptions of neutrality.
Amid escalating tensions, the future of the Armenian Apostolic Church remains uncertain. The possibility of a reconciliatory agreement between Church and state appears remote, underlining the need for dialogue and clarification of both parties’ roles.
