Egypt, Saudi Arabia Strengthen Eritrea Ties Amid UAE-Ethiopia Partnership
The geopolitical dynamics in the Red Sea region are witnessing a significant shift with Egypt and Saudi Arabia forging closer ties with Eritrea. This realignment seeks to counteract the increasing influence of the UAE and its military partnership with Ethiopia.
Strengthening Egypt-Saudi Arabia-Eritrea Relations
In recent diplomatic moves, Egypt is actively working to enhance security ties between Eritrea and Saudi Arabia. This initiative is motivated by the need to mitigate the UAE’s growing connections with Ethiopia, particularly in military terms.
Background of the UAE-Ethiopia Partnership
- The UAE previously utilized Eritrea’s Assab port for military operations in Yemen.
- In 2021, the UAE dismantled its base there and shifted its focus to a partnership with Ethiopia.
- Furthermore, Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam project, inaugurated in September 2025, poses significant concerns for Egypt regarding water security.
The Role of Key Politicians and Experts
Michael Woldemariam, a Horn of Africa expert, notes that Egypt’s financial constraints make Saudi Arabia’s involvement in supporting Eritrea crucial. Mirette Mabrouk from the Middle East Institute emphasizes that enhancing ties with Eritrea represents a proactive strategy for Egypt to address regional security issues.
Historical Context of Eritrea’s Diplomacy
Eritrea, led by President Isaias Afwerki since gaining independence in 1993, has historically oscillated between alliances, including its former closeness to the UAE. While Eritrea and Ethiopia briefly reconciled in 2018, recent tensions have resurfaced, particularly with allegations of Eritrean support for Ethiopian rebel groups.
Diplomatic Visits and Future Implications
President Afwerki’s discussions in Saudi Arabia during a significant visit in December 2025 highlighted the need for bolstering military cooperation. This comes as Eritrea seeks to address its defense capabilities amidst the ongoing Ethiopian civil conflict.
Current Military Needs of Eritrea
Experts indicate that Eritrea requires new military equipment to combat Ethiopian drones and other threats. The country faces financial challenges, relying primarily on local taxes, mining revenue, and a diaspora tax.
Conclusion
As Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Eritrea strengthen their ties, the geopolitical landscape in the Red Sea continues to evolve. These developments not only reflect shifting alliances but also underscore the complex interplay between regional powers and their strategic interests.
