China Resumes Gallium, Germanium, Antimony Exports to U.S.
China has resumed the export of gallium, germanium, and antimony to the United States, marking a significant shift in trade relations between the two nations. This decision follows nearly a year of restrictions that were initially introduced in December 2024.
Background of the Export Ban
The export ban was implemented by China as a response to U.S. export controls on high-bandwidth memory chips. This move occurred during the latter part of the Biden administration and triggered increased trade tensions.
Importance of Gallium, Germanium, and Antimony
These three minerals are vital to the U.S. economy and national security. Here are some key details:
- Gallium: Used in semiconductors and advanced radar technology.
- Germanium: Essential for infrared technology, fiber optic cables, and solar cells.
- Antimony: Commonly found in military applications, including flame retardants and ammunition primers.
China’s Production Statistics
China is a dominant player in the global market for these minerals. In 2023, the country produced:
- Nearly 60% of the world’s refined germanium.
- 99% of the global output of refined gallium.
- Almost half of the world’s mined antimony.
According to the consultancy Project Blue, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated that the ban on gallium and germanium could result in an economic loss of about $3.4 billion for the U.S., with the semiconductor sector being particularly affected.
Details of the Export Resumption
The Chinese commerce ministry announced that the suspension of the export ban will last until November 27, 2026. This announcement is part of China’s recent efforts to de-escalate trade tensions, which also included suspending additional export controls on rare earths and other battery minerals for one year.
